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<!-- DFIN New ActiveDisclosure (SM) XBRL Schema Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date :2022-05-02T16:59:18.2958+00:00 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2022 Donnelly Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
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  <xsd:element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentAccretedLiabilityOfFinalPaymentFee" name="DebtInstrumentAccretedLiabilityOfFinalPaymentFee" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentAggregateAmountPercentage" name="DebtInstrumentAggregateAmountPercentage" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentCashPayInterestMultiplier" name="DebtInstrumentCashPayInterestMultiplier" type="xbrli:pureItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentFinalPaymentFeeThresholdPercentageOfDebtOutstanding" name="DebtInstrumentFinalPaymentFeeThresholdPercentageOfDebtOutstanding" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentInterestPaymentPeriod" name="DebtInstrumentInterestPaymentPeriod" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPenaltyPercentage" name="DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPenaltyPercentage" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentsMaturityMonthAndYear" name="DebtInstrumentsMaturityMonthAndYear" type="xbrli:gYearMonthItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentThresholdCashPayInterestRate" name="DebtInstrumentThresholdCashPayInterestRate" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DevelopmentMilestones" name="DevelopmentMilestones" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_EquityInstrumentVotingRightsPerShare" name="EquityInstrumentVotingRightsPerShare" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_ExtinguishmentOfDebtFeeAmount" name="ExtinguishmentOfDebtFeeAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_FairValueOfWarrants" name="FairValueOfWarrants" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" name="IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_InitialCashPaymentPerCollaborationAgreement" name="InitialCashPaymentPerCollaborationAgreement" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFour" name="LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFour" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_LicenseAgreementRoyaltyDueMaximumReductionPercentageAsResultOfRequiredPaymentsToThirdParties" name="LicenseAgreementRoyaltyDueMaximumReductionPercentageAsResultOfRequiredPaymentsToThirdParties" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_LicenseAgreementRoyaltyDuePercentageOfNetSales" name="LicenseAgreementRoyaltyDuePercentageOfNetSales" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_LicenseAgreementTerm" name="LicenseAgreementTerm" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_LongTermDebtAdditionalDrawnCovenantAdditionalSecurityUnpaidInvoicesPeriod" name="LongTermDebtAdditionalDrawnCovenantAdditionalSecurityUnpaidInvoicesPeriod" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_LongTermDebtAdditionalDrawnCovenantMinimumCashAsSecurityInterest" name="LongTermDebtAdditionalDrawnCovenantMinimumCashAsSecurityInterest" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_LongTermDebtAdditionalDrawnCovenantMinimumCashToBeMaintainedAsSecurityPercent" name="LongTermDebtAdditionalDrawnCovenantMinimumCashToBeMaintainedAsSecurityPercent" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_LongTermDebtAdditionalDrawnCovenantMinimumCashToBeMaintainedAsSecurityWithMarketCapitalizationCovenantPercent" name="LongTermDebtAdditionalDrawnCovenantMinimumCashToBeMaintainedAsSecurityWithMarketCapitalizationCovenantPercent" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_LongTermDebtAdditionalDrawnCovenantMinimumMarketCapitalizationAmount" name="LongTermDebtAdditionalDrawnCovenantMinimumMarketCapitalizationAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_LongTermDebtAdditionalDrawnMinimumRevenuePercent" name="LongTermDebtAdditionalDrawnMinimumRevenuePercent" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_LongTermDebtCurrentNetOfNoncurrentDebtDiscount" name="LongTermDebtCurrentNetOfNoncurrentDebtDiscount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_NumberOfAsianMarkets" name="NumberOfAsianMarkets" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_NumberOfFinancialInstitutionsHoldingDeposits" name="NumberOfFinancialInstitutionsHoldingDeposits" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_NumberOfLateStageProductCandidates" name="NumberOfLateStageProductCandidates" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_NumberOfLicenseAgreements" name="NumberOfLicenseAgreements" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_ProceedsFromFirstAdvanceUsedToRepayPreviousDebt" name="ProceedsFromFirstAdvanceUsedToRepayPreviousDebt" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_RevenueMilestones" name="RevenueMilestones" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExpiredInPeriod" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExpiredInPeriod" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_SharePriceFairValue" name="SharePriceFairValue" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_SharePriceNotLessThanThreeDayVolumeWeightedAverageSharePriceDiscountRate" name="SharePriceNotLessThanThreeDayVolumeWeightedAverageSharePriceDiscountRate" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesFinancing" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesFinancing" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueFinancing" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueFinancing" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssuesNet" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssuesNet" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueWarrantsExercised" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueWarrantsExercised" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_StockVestedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedCommonStockAward" name="StockVestedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedCommonStockAward" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_StockVestedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedCommonStockAward" name="StockVestedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedCommonStockAward" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_ThresholdDaysToAchieveFirstMilestone" name="ThresholdDaysToAchieveFirstMilestone" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_ThresholdDaysToAchieveSecondMilestone" name="ThresholdDaysToAchieveSecondMilestone" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_UnregisteredCommonStockValue" name="UnregisteredCommonStockValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_UpfrontPayment" name="UpfrontPayment" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_WarrantsExercisedInPeriod" name="WarrantsExercisedInPeriod" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_WarrantsExercisedInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" name="WarrantsExercisedInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_WarrantsIssuedDuringPeriodDebtFinancing" name="WarrantsIssuedDuringPeriodDebtFinancing" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_WarrantsIssuedInPeriod" name="WarrantsIssuedInPeriod" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_WarrantsIssuedInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" name="WarrantsIssuedInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_AccountingPoliciesLineItems" name="AccountingPoliciesLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_Axs02Member" name="Axs02Member" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_Axs04Member" name="Axs04Member" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_Axs05AndAxs07Member" name="Axs05AndAxs07Member" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_Axs05Member" name="Axs05Member" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentOccurringPriorToFirstAnniversaryOfClosingDateMember" name="DebtInstrumentPrepaymentOccurringPriorToFirstAnniversaryOfClosingDateMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentOccurringPriorToFirstAnniversaryOfFirstAmendmentClosingDateMember" name="DebtInstrumentPrepaymentOccurringPriorToFirstAnniversaryOfFirstAmendmentClosingDateMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentOccursOnOrAfterFirstAnniversaryAndPriorToSecondAnniversaryOfClosingDateMember" name="DebtInstrumentPrepaymentOccursOnOrAfterFirstAnniversaryAndPriorToSecondAnniversaryOfClosingDateMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentOccursOnOrAfterFirstAnniversaryAndPriorToSecondAnniversaryOfFirstAmendmentClosingDateMember" name="DebtInstrumentPrepaymentOccursOnOrAfterFirstAnniversaryAndPriorToSecondAnniversaryOfFirstAmendmentClosingDateMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentOccursOnOrAfterSecondAnniversaryAndPriorToThirdAnniversaryOfClosingDateMember" name="DebtInstrumentPrepaymentOccursOnOrAfterSecondAnniversaryAndPriorToThirdAnniversaryOfClosingDateMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentOccursOnOrAfterSecondAnniversaryAndPriorToThirdAnniversaryOfFirstAmendmentClosingDateMember" name="DebtInstrumentPrepaymentOccursOnOrAfterSecondAnniversaryAndPriorToThirdAnniversaryOfFirstAmendmentClosingDateMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DecemberTwoThousandNineteenAndMarchTwoThousandTwentyTwoSalesAgreementMember" name="DecemberTwoThousandNineteenAndMarchTwoThousandTwentyTwoSalesAgreementMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_DecemberTwoThousandNineteenSalesAgreementMember" name="DecemberTwoThousandNineteenSalesAgreementMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_HerculesCapitalIncMember" name="HerculesCapitalIncMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_JazzPharmaceuticalsPlcMember" name="JazzPharmaceuticalsPlcMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_LeerinkPartnersLimitedLiabilityCompanyMember" name="LeerinkPartnersLimitedLiabilityCompanyMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_MarchTwoThousandTwentyTwoSalesAgreementMember" name="MarchTwoThousandTwentyTwoSalesAgreementMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_OutstandingAdvancesUnderLoanAgreementEqualsOrExceedsFiftyFiveMillionMember" name="OutstandingAdvancesUnderLoanAgreementEqualsOrExceedsFiftyFiveMillionMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_OutstandingAdvancesUnderLoanAgreementEqualsOrExceedsSixtyFiveMillionMember" name="OutstandingAdvancesUnderLoanAgreementEqualsOrExceedsSixtyFiveMillionMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_PfizerIncMember" name="PfizerIncMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_SecondAmendmentToLoanAndSecurityAgreementMember" name="SecondAmendmentToLoanAndSecurityAgreementMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_SubjectToFdaApprovalOfAxsZeroFiveAndAxsZeroSevenMember" name="SubjectToFdaApprovalOfAxsZeroFiveAndAxsZeroSevenMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_SunosiMember" name="SunosiMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TermLoan2019Member" name="TermLoan2019Member" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TermLoan2020Member" name="TermLoan2020Member" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TermLoan2020TrancheFiveMember" name="TermLoan2020TrancheFiveMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TermLoan2020TrancheFourMember" name="TermLoan2020TrancheFourMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TermLoan2020TrancheOneMember" name="TermLoan2020TrancheOneMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TermLoan2020TrancheThreeMember" name="TermLoan2020TrancheThreeMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TermLoan2020TrancheTwoMember" name="TermLoan2020TrancheTwoMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TermLoanMember" name="TermLoanMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TrancheOneMember" name="TrancheOneMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TrancheThreeSubTrancheOneMember" name="TrancheThreeSubTrancheOneMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TrancheThreeSubTrancheTwoMember" name="TrancheThreeSubTrancheTwoMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TrancheTwoSubTrancheOneMember" name="TrancheTwoSubTrancheOneMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TrancheTwoSubTrancheThreeMember" name="TrancheTwoSubTrancheThreeMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TrancheTwoSubTrancheTwoMember" name="TrancheTwoSubTrancheTwoMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TwoThousandFifteenEquityCompensationPlanMember" name="TwoThousandFifteenEquityCompensationPlanMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_TwoThousandNineteenShelfRegistrationMember" name="TwoThousandNineteenShelfRegistrationMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_UnderwrittenPublicOfferingMember" name="UnderwrittenPublicOfferingMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_SignificantRisksAndUncertaintiesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" name="SignificantRisksAndUncertaintiesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_AccountingPoliciesTable" name="AccountingPoliciesTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="axsm_LicenseAgreementsDisclosureTextBlock" name="LicenseAgreementsDisclosureTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
</xsd:schema>
