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<!--Based on XBRL 2.1-->
<!--Created on: 8/8/2019 15:45:33-->
<!--Modified on: 8/8/2019 15:45:33-->
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  <xsd:element name="ShelfRegistrationStatementMaximumAggregateAmountIssuable" id="axsm_ShelfRegistrationStatementMaximumAggregateAmountIssuable" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xsd:element name="WarrantsOutstandingRollForward" id="axsm_WarrantsOutstandingRollForward" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="WarrantsExercisedInPeriod" id="axsm_WarrantsExercisedInPeriod" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollForward" id="axsm_WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollForward" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="WarrantsExercisedInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" id="axsm_WarrantsExercisedInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="num:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueFinancing" id="axsm_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueFinancing" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="WarrantsIssuedWithDebtFinancing" id="axsm_WarrantsIssuedWithDebtFinancing" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <element id="axsm_CommonStockSalesAgreementAuthorizedAmount" name="CommonStockSalesAgreementAuthorizedAmount" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <xsd:element name="CommonStockSalesAgreementCommissionPercentage" id="axsm_CommonStockSalesAgreementCommissionPercentage" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xsd:element name="CommonStockSalesAgreementGrossSales" id="axsm_CommonStockSalesAgreementGrossSales" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <element id="axsm_WarrantsIssuedInPeriod" name="WarrantsIssuedInPeriod" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_WarrantsIssuedInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" name="WarrantsIssuedInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" nillable="true" type="num:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <xsd:element name="CommonWarrantsMember" id="axsm_CommonWarrantsMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="PlacementAgentWarrantsMember" id="axsm_PlacementAgentWarrantsMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="FairValueOfWarrants" id="axsm_FairValueOfWarrants" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <xsd:element name="WarrantExercisePrice" id="axsm_WarrantExercisePrice" type="num:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" />
  <element id="axsm_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssuesNet" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssuesNet" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_FirstAmendmentTermLoanMember" name="FirstAmendmentTermLoanMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_WarrantUtilized" name="WarrantUtilized" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_OriginalTermLoan2016Member" name="OriginalTermLoan2016Member" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_TermLoan2019Member" name="TermLoan2019Member" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_TermLoan2019TrancheOneMember" name="TermLoan2019TrancheOneMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_TermLoan2019TrancheTwoMember" name="TermLoan2019TrancheTwoMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_TermLoan2016TrancheOneMember" name="TermLoan2016TrancheOneMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_TermLoan2016TrancheTwoMember" name="TermLoan2016TrancheTwoMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_TermLoan2016TrancheThreeMember" name="TermLoan2016TrancheThreeMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_TermLoan2016TrancheTwoAndThreeMember" name="TermLoan2016TrancheTwoAndThreeMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_AmountOfBorrowingFacilityExpired" name="AmountOfBorrowingFacilityExpired" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_DebtinstrumentAccretedLiabilityOfFinalPaymentFee" name="DebtinstrumentAccretedLiabilityOfFinalPaymentFee" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_WarrantsIssuableInFuture" name="WarrantsIssuableInFuture" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesFinancing" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesFinancing" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPremiumPercentOfOutstandingPrincipalConditionOne" name="DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPremiumPercentOfOutstandingPrincipalConditionOne" nillable="true" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPremiumPercentOfOutstandingPrincipalConditionTwo" name="DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPremiumPercentOfOutstandingPrincipalConditionTwo" nillable="true" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPremiumPercentOfOutstandingPrincipalConditionThree" name="DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPremiumPercentOfOutstandingPrincipalConditionThree" nillable="true" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_ShelfRegistrationStatementRemainingAggregateSharesAvailableForSale" name="ShelfRegistrationStatementRemainingAggregateSharesAvailableForSale" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_ExtinguishmentOfDebtFeeAmount" name="ExtinguishmentOfDebtFeeAmount" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisedAggregateIntrinsicValue" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisedAggregateIntrinsicValue" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueWarrantsExercised" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueWarrantsExercised" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_NumberOfMonthlyInstallments" name="NumberOfMonthlyInstallments" nillable="true" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
  <element id="axsm_MilestoneMetMember" name="MilestoneMetMember" nillable="true" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" />
</xsd:schema>
